高壓六氟化硫斷路器觸頭間動態擊穿特性試驗研究
夏亞龍，林莘，徐建源，蘇安，王飛鳴
（沈陽工業大學 電氣工程學院，遼寧 沈陽 110870）
摘 要：針對六氟化硫(SF6)氣體在高壓電器設備實際形狀電極間的擊穿特性，搭建126 kV SF6斷路器觸頭間動態擊穿特性試驗回路，分別測量斷路器在不同電壓極性和滅弧室充氣壓強下分、合閘過程中觸頭間擊穿電壓，統計試驗擊穿點電壓值和對應的開距，分別采用冪函數、四次多項式對分、合閘過程觸頭間擊穿點電壓值進行擬合，得到不同開距下擊穿電壓擬合曲線，并給出觸頭間擊穿電壓與開距之間的數學表達式。試驗結果表明：SF6斷路器分、合閘過程中，當觸頭間開距達到一定值后，SF6氣體表現出“反極性”效應；同一開距下，分閘過程(平均速度9.6 m/s)擊穿電壓小于合閘過程(平均速度4.7 m/s)。
關鍵詞：六氟化硫；高壓斷路器；擊穿電壓
中圖分類號：TM561.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-3175(2016)04-0007-05
Experimental Study on Dynamic Breakdown Characteristics of Gap Between Contacts for High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker
XIA Ya-long, LIN Xin, XU Jian-yuan, SU An, WANG Fei-ming
（School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China）
Abstract: For the breakdown characteristics of SF6 medium between the real shape electrodes for high-voltage electrical equipment, this paper set up the experimental circuit of dynamic breakdown characteristics of gap between contacts for 126 kV SF6 circuit breaker. The breakdown voltages were measured during the process of circuit breakers breaking and closing under different voltage polarity and arc extinguish chamber air inflation pressure respectively. Voltage value and corresponding opening travel of experimental breakdown point were recorded. The fitting curves of breakdown voltage under different opening travel were obtained by using power function and four order polynomial to fit the breakdown voltage value of breaking and closing process respectively. This paper gave the mathematical expression of breakdown voltage and distance between the contacts. The test results show that during the process of SF6 circuit breakers breaking and closing, the positive polarity breakdown voltage is greater than negative polarity of SF6 gas when the opening travel reaches a certain value and the breakdown voltage of breaking process (the average speed is 9.6 m/s) is lower than that of closing process (the average speed is 4.7 m/s) for the same contact gap.
Key words: sulfur hexafluoride; high-voltage circuit breaker; breakdown voltage
參考文獻
[1] 林莘.現代高壓電器技術[M].2版.北京：機械工業出版社，2011．
[2] 劉振亞.中國特高壓交流輸電技術創新[J].電網技術，2013，37(3)：566-574.
[3] 鐘建英.高壓自能式SF6斷路器滅弧室內耦合場的仿真與分析[D].沈陽：沈陽工業大學，2006.
[4] 嚴璋，朱德恒.高電壓絕緣技術[M].2版.北京：中國電力出版社，2002.
[5] Luque A, Ebert U，Montijn C, et al. Photoionization in negative streamers：fast computations and two propagation modes[J].Applied Physics Letters，2007，90(8)：1-4.
[6] Georghiou G E，Papadakis A P，Morrow R，et al.Numerical modeling of atmospheric pressure gas discharges leading to plasma production[J].Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2005，38(20)：303-328.
[7] 楊茜，榮命哲，吳翊，等.低壓斷路器中空氣電弧重擊穿現象的仿真與實驗研究[J].中國電機工程學報，2007，27(6)：84-88.
[8] 程顯，段雄英，廖敏夫，等.混合斷路器大電流開斷過程中真空電弧與SF6電弧相互作用的仿真[J].高電壓技術，2012，38(6)：1529-1536．
[9] 魏俊梅.800 kV SF6高壓斷路器的研究與開發[D].沈陽：沈陽工業大學，2008.
[10] 劉振亞.中國電力與能源[M].北京：中國電力出版社，2012.
[11] 李鑫濤，林莘，徐建源，等.基于FEM-FCT法的均勻電場下SF6氣體擊穿特性[J].高電壓技術，2014，40(10)：3046-3053.
[12] 趙虎，李興文，賈申利.SF6及其混合氣體臨界擊穿場強計算與特性分析[J].西安交通大學學報，2013，47(2)：109-115.
[13] Yousfi M，Robin J P，Kanzari Z.Breakdown electric field calculations of hot SF6 for high voltage circuit breaker applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，2005，12(6)：1192-1200.
[14] Yousfi M，Robin J P，Kanzari Z.Electron-molecule collision cross sections needed for breakdown electric field calculations of hot dissociated SF6[J].Journal of Physics：Conference Seriess，2008，115(1)：1-9.
[15] GB 1984—2003 高壓交流斷路器[S].
