基于ANSYS Maxwell配電變壓器周圍工頻電磁場分布研究
周婧，郭其一，黃世澤
(同濟大學 電子與信息工程學院，上海 201804)
摘 要：針對市民就居民區附近變配電設備的電磁影響與電力建設部門產生矛盾沖突等問題，采用有限元仿真軟件 ANSYS Maxwell 搭建 100 kVA 三相油浸式配電變壓器的實體模型，通過分析高壓側繞組的輸入電壓、感應電壓及低壓側繞組感應電流波形圖，側面驗證了模型的正確性、有效性與可靠性。通過理論分析與云圖觀察相結合的方式，定性研究了變壓器內外部磁感應強度分布隨相位的變化情況，最后選取變壓器兩側的具體場點，定量探究了在這些場點處磁感應強度隨距離的衰減規律，得到在 3 m 外的區域變壓器對人體影響較小的結論，并結合實際情況，給出了合理的工程建議與日常生活的注意事項。
關鍵詞：配電變壓器；ANSYS Maxwell 軟件；場強分布云圖；工頻電磁場；電磁防護
中圖分類號：TM411 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-3175(2021)09-0001-06
Research on Power Frequency Electromagnetic Field Distribution Around
Transformer Based on ANSYS Maxwell
ZHOU Jing, GUO Qi-yi, HUANG Shi-ze
（College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China）
Abstract: There is a conflict between the electric power construction department and the citizen because of the electromagnetic impact of power transformation and distribution equipment near the residential area. In this research, the finite element simulation software ANSYS Maxwell constructed the entity model of a 100 kVA three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformer. By analyzing the input voltage and inductive voltage of the high voltage side wings,and the wave graphs of the low voltage side wings. This study confirmed the correctness, validity, and reliability of the model. For choosing the specific location of the transformer, this study combined the theoretical analysis and cloud image observation, examining the internal and external magnetic induction intensity of the transformer with the phase. This paper quantitatively explored the attenuation law of the magnetic induction intensity with the distance at these field points. In conclusion, the transformer has less impact on the human body in the area 3 meters away. This research also gives reasonable engineering suggestions and matters needing attention in daily life.
Key words: distribution transformer; ANSYS Maxwell; field intensity distribution cloud chart; power frequency magnetic field; electromagnetic protection
參考文獻
[1] 陳龍三. 電磁場與微波技術[M] . 北京：清華大學出版社，2005.
[2] 國家環境保護總局.500 kV 超高壓送變電工程電磁輻射環境影響評價技術規范：HJ/T 24—1998[S] .北京：中國環境科學出版社，1999 ：604-605.
[3] WERTHEIMER N, LEEPER E.Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer[J].American Journal of Epidemiology，1979，109(3) ：273-284.
[4] AYDIN Muhterem, TURK Gaffari, YUKSEL Murat,et al.Effect of electromagnetic field on the sperm characteristics and histopathological status of testis in rats [J] . Medycyna Weterynaryina，2007，63(2) ：178-183.
[5] 楊智民，李佑興，李玉蘭，等. 環境極低頻電磁場對人體健康的影響[J] . 中國預防醫學雜志，2008，9(5) ：392-394.
[6] 龐小峰. 生物電磁學[M] . 北京：國防工業出版社，2008.
[7] 劉亞寧. 電磁生物效應[M] . 北京：北京郵電大學出版社，2002.
[8] 李緝熙，牛中奇. 生物電磁學概論[M] . 西安：西安電子科技大學出版社，1990.
[9] 馮慈璋，馬西奎. 工程電磁場導論[M] . 北京：高等教育出版社，2000.
[10] 趙博，張洪亮.Ansoft12 在工程電磁場中的應用[M].北京：中國水利水電出版社，2013.
[11] 姚志松，姚磊. 中小型變壓器實用全書[M]. 北京：機械工業出版社，2008.
